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<h3 id="updates-and-corrections">Updates and Corrections</h3>
<p>`,e.githubCompareUpdatesUrl&&(t+=`<a href="${e.githubCompareUpdatesUrl}">View all changes</a> to this article since it was first published.`),t+=`
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<h3 id="reuse">Reuse</h3>
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hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n font-size: 0.8rem;\n line-height: 1.8em;\n padding: 1.5rem 0;\n min-height: 1.8em;\n}\n\n\nd-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline .authors-affiliations {\n grid-column-end: span 2;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .authors-affiliations {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline h3 {\n font-size: 0.6rem;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n margin: 0;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n\nd-byline p {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\nd-byline a,\nd-article d-byline a {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n text-decoration: none;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article d-byline a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-byline p.author {\n font-weight: 500;\n}\n\nd-byline .affiliations {\n\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-article {\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-top: 2rem;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 1.06rem;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n }\n}\n\n\n/* H2 */\n\n\nd-article .marker {\n text-decoration: none;\n border: none;\n counter-reset: section;\n grid-column: kicker;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover {\n border: none;\n}\n\nd-article .marker span {\n padding: 0 3px 4px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n position: relative;\n top: 4px;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover span {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n}\n\nd-article h2 {\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 24px;\n line-height: 1.25em;\n margin: 2rem 0 1.5rem 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h2 {\n font-size: 36px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H3 */\n\nd-article h3 {\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-top: 2em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h3 {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H4 */\n\nd-article h4 {\n font-weight: 600;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n}\n\nd-article a {\n color: inherit;\n}\n\nd-article p,\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol,\nd-article blockquote {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n margin-right: 0;\n}\n\nd-article blockquote {\n border-left: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n padding-left: 2em;\n font-style: italic;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n}\n\nd-article a {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\nd-article a:hover {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article .link {\n text-decoration: underline;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol {\n padding-left: 24px;\n}\n\nd-article li {\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\nd-article li:last-child {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n\nd-article pre {\n font-size: 14px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\nd-article hr {\n grid-column: screen;\n width: 100%;\n border: none;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article section {\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article span.equation-mimic {\n font-family: georgia;\n font-size: 115%;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\nd-article > d-code,\nd-article section > d-code {\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-article > d-math[block],\nd-article section > d-math[block] {\n display: block;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n d-article > d-code,\n d-article section > d-code,\n d-article > d-math[block],\n d-article section > d-math[block] {\n overflow-x: scroll;\n -ms-overflow-style: none; // IE 10+\n overflow: -moz-scrollbars-none; // Firefox\n }\n\n d-article > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar {\n display: none; // Safari and Chrome\n }\n}\n\nd-article .citation {\n color: #668;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-include {\n width: auto;\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-figure {\n contain: layout style;\n}\n\n/* KaTeX */\n\n.katex, .katex-prerendered {\n contain: style;\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\n/* Tables */\n\nd-article table {\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n}\n\nd-article table th {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n}\n\nd-article table td {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\nd-article table tr:last-of-type td {\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article table th,\nd-article table td {\n font-size: 15px;\n padding: 2px 8px;\n}\n\nd-article table tbody :first-child td {\n padding-top: 2px;\n}\n'+ni+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@media print {\n\n @page {\n size: 8in 11in;\n @bottom-right {\n content: counter(page) " of " counter(pages);\n }\n }\n\n html {\n /* no general margins -- CSS Grid takes care of those */\n }\n\n p, code {\n page-break-inside: avoid;\n }\n\n h2, h3 {\n page-break-after: avoid;\n }\n\n d-header {\n visibility: hidden;\n }\n\n d-footer {\n display: none!important;\n }\n\n}\n',mi=[{name:'WebComponents',support:function(){return'customElements'in window&&'attachShadow'in Element.prototype&&'getRootNode'in Element.prototype&&'content'in document.createElement('template')&&'Promise'in window&&'from'in Array},url:'https://distill.pub/third-party/polyfills/webcomponents-lite.js'},{name:'IntersectionObserver',support:function(){return'IntersectionObserver'in window&&'IntersectionObserverEntry'in window},url:'https://distill.pub/third-party/polyfills/intersection-observer.js'}];class yi{static browserSupportsAllFeatures(){return mi.every((e)=>e.support())}static load(e){const t=function(t){t.loaded=!0,console.info('Runlevel 0: Polyfill has finished loading: '+t.name),yi.neededPolyfills.every((e)=>e.loaded)&&(console.info('Runlevel 0: All required polyfills have finished loading.'),console.info('Runlevel 0->1.'),window.distillRunlevel=1,e())};for(const n of yi.neededPolyfills)g(n,t)}static get neededPolyfills(){return yi._neededPolyfills||(yi._neededPolyfills=mi.filter((e)=>!e.support())),yi._neededPolyfills}}const xi=ti('d-abstract',`
<style>
:host {
font-size: 1.25rem;
line-height: 1.6em;
color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
::slotted(p) {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 1em;
grid-column: text-start / middle-end;
}
${function(e){return`${e} {
grid-column: left / text;
}
`}('d-abstract')}
</style>
<slot></slot>
`);class ki extends xi(HTMLElement){}const vi=ti('d-appendix',`
<style>
d-appendix {
contain: layout style;
font-size: 0.8em;
line-height: 1.7em;
margin-top: 60px;
margin-bottom: 0;
border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 48px;
}
d-appendix h3 {
grid-column: page-start / text-start;
font-size: 15px;
font-weight: 500;
margin-top: 1em;
margin-bottom: 0;
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.65);
}
d-appendix h3 + * {
margin-top: 1em;
}
d-appendix ol {
padding: 0 0 0 15px;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
d-appendix ol {
padding: 0 0 0 30px;
margin-left: -30px;
}
}
d-appendix li {
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
d-appendix a {
color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
d-appendix > * {
grid-column: text;
}
d-appendix > d-footnote-list,
d-appendix > d-citation-list,
d-appendix > distill-appendix {
grid-column: screen;
}
</style>
`,!1);class wi extends vi(HTMLElement){}const Si=/^\s*$/;class Ci extends HTMLElement{static get is(){return'd-article'}constructor(){super(),new MutationObserver((e)=>{for(const t of e)for(const e of t.addedNodes)switch(e.nodeName){case'#text':{const t=e.nodeValue;if(!Si.test(t)){console.warn('Use of unwrapped text in distill articles is discouraged as it breaks layout! Please wrap any text in a <span> or <p> tag. 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this.match('@'),'@'+this.key()},this.preamble=function(){this.currentEntry={},this.currentEntry.entryType='PREAMBLE',this.currentEntry.entry=this.value_comment(),this.entries.push(this.currentEntry)},this.comment=function(){this.currentEntry={},this.currentEntry.entryType='COMMENT',this.currentEntry.entry=this.value_comment(),this.entries.push(this.currentEntry)},this.entry=function(e){this.entry_body(e)},this.bibtex=function(){for(;this.matchAt();){var e=this.directive();this.match('{'),'@STRING'==e?this.string():'@PREAMBLE'==e?this.preamble():'@COMMENT'==e?this.comment():this.entry(e),this.match('}')}}}e.toJSON=function(e){var n=new t;return n.setInput(e),n.bibtex(),n.entries},e.toBibtex=function(e){var t='';for(var n in e){if(t+='@'+e[n].entryType,t+='{',e[n].citationKey&&(t+=e[n].citationKey+', '),e[n].entry&&(t+=e[n].entry),e[n].entryTags){var i='';for(var a in e[n].entryTags)0!=i.length&&(i+=', '),i+=a+'= {'+e[n].entryTags[a]+'}';t+=i}t+='}\n\n'}return t}})(t)});class Li extends 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(tried ${n})`),i.responseType='text',i.open('GET',n,!0),i.send()}}class Ai extends HTMLElement{static get is(){return'd-byline'}set frontMatter(e){this.innerHTML=y(e)}}const Ei=ti('d-cite',`
<style>
:host {
}
.citation {
display: inline-block;
color: hsla(206, 90%, 20%, 0.7);
}
.citation-number {
cursor: default;
white-space: nowrap;
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Roboto", Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 75%;
color: hsla(206, 90%, 20%, 0.7);
display: inline-block;
line-height: 1.1em;
text-align: center;
position: relative;
top: -2px;
margin: 0 2px;
}
figcaption .citation-number {
font-size: 11px;
font-weight: normal;
top: -2px;
line-height: 1em;
}
ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style-type: none;
}
ul li {
padding: 15px 10px 15px 10px;
border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1)
}
ul li:last-of-type {
border-bottom: none;
}
</style>
<d-hover-box id="hover-box"></d-hover-box>
<div id="citation-" class="citation">
<slot></slot>
<span class="citation-number"></span>
</div>
`);class Di extends Ei(HTMLElement){connectedCallback(){this.outerSpan=this.root.querySelector('#citation-'),this.innerSpan=this.root.querySelector('.citation-number'),this.hoverBox=this.root.querySelector('d-hover-box'),window.customElements.whenDefined('d-hover-box').then(()=>{this.hoverBox.listen(this)})}static get observedAttributes(){return['key']}attributeChangedCallback(e,t,n){const i=t?'onCiteKeyChanged':'onCiteKeyCreated',a=n.split(','),d={detail:[this,a],bubbles:!0},r=new CustomEvent(i,d);document.dispatchEvent(r)}set key(e){this.setAttribute('key',e)}get key(){return this.getAttribute('key')}get keys(){return this.getAttribute('key').split(',')}set numbers(e){const t=e.map((e)=>{return-1==e?'?':e+1+''}),n='['+t.join(', ')+']';this.innerSpan&&(this.innerSpan.textContent=n)}set entries(e){this.hoverBox&&(this.hoverBox.innerHTML=`<ul>
${e.map(l).map((e)=>`<li>${e}</li>`).join('\n')}
</ul>`)}}const Mi=`
d-citation-list {
contain: layout style;
}
d-citation-list .references {
grid-column: text;
}
d-citation-list .references .title {
font-weight: 500;
}
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Prism.languages.go['class-name'],Prism.languages.markdown=Prism.languages.extend('markup',{}),Prism.languages.insertBefore('markdown','prolog',{blockquote:{pattern:/^>(?:[\t ]*>)*/m,alias:'punctuation'},code:[{pattern:/^(?: {4}|\t).+/m,alias:'keyword'},{pattern:/``.+?``|`[^`\n]+`/,alias:'keyword'}],title:[{pattern:/\w+.*(?:\r?\n|\r)(?:==+|--+)/,alias:'important',inside:{punctuation:/==+$|--+$/}},{pattern:/(^\s*)#+.+/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:'important',inside:{punctuation:/^#+|#+$/}}],hr:{pattern:/(^\s*)([*-])([\t ]*\2){2,}(?=\s*$)/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:'punctuation'},list:{pattern:/(^\s*)(?:[*+-]|\d+\.)(?=[\t ].)/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:'punctuation'},"url-reference":{pattern:/!?\[[^\]]+\]:[\t ]+(?:\S+|<(?:\\.|[^>\\])+>)(?:[\t 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?\[[^\]\n]*\])/,inside:{variable:{pattern:/(!?\[)[^\]]+(?=\]$)/,lookbehind:!0},string:{pattern:/"(?:\\.|[^"\\])*"(?=\)$)/}}}}),Prism.languages.markdown.bold.inside.url=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.markdown.url),Prism.languages.markdown.italic.inside.url=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.markdown.url),Prism.languages.markdown.bold.inside.italic=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.markdown.italic),Prism.languages.markdown.italic.inside.bold=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.markdown.bold),Prism.languages.julia={comment:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])#.*/,lookbehind:!0},string:/"""[\s\S]+?"""|'''[\s\S]+?'''|("|')(\\?.)*?\1/,keyword:/\b(abstract|baremodule|begin|bitstype|break|catch|ccall|const|continue|do|else|elseif|end|export|finally|for|function|global|if|immutable|import|importall|let|local|macro|module|print|println|quote|return|try|type|typealias|using|while)\b/,boolean:/\b(true|false)\b/,number:/\b-?(0[box])?(?:[\da-f]+\.?\d*|\.\d+)(?:[efp][+-]?\d+)?j?\b/i,operator:/\+=?|-=?|\*=?|\/[\/=]?|\\=?|\^=?|%=?|÷=?|!=?=?|&=?|\|[=>]?|\$=?|<(?:<=?|[=:])?|>(?:=|>>?=?)?|==?=?|[~≠≤≥]/,punctuation:/[{}[\];(),.:]/};const Ii=ti('d-code',`
<style>
code {
white-space: nowrap;
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
border-radius: 2px;
padding: 4px 7px;
font-size: 15px;
color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
pre code {
display: block;
border-left: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
padding: 0 0 0 36px;
}
${'/**\n * prism.js default theme for JavaScript, CSS and HTML\n * Based on dabblet (http://dabblet.com)\n * @author Lea Verou\n */\n\ncode[class*="language-"],\npre[class*="language-"] {\n\tcolor: black;\n\tbackground: none;\n\ttext-shadow: 0 1px white;\n\tfont-family: Consolas, Monaco, \'Andale Mono\', \'Ubuntu Mono\', monospace;\n\ttext-align: left;\n\twhite-space: pre;\n\tword-spacing: normal;\n\tword-break: normal;\n\tword-wrap: normal;\n\tline-height: 1.5;\n\n\t-moz-tab-size: 4;\n\t-o-tab-size: 4;\n\ttab-size: 4;\n\n\t-webkit-hyphens: none;\n\t-moz-hyphens: none;\n\t-ms-hyphens: none;\n\thyphens: none;\n}\n\npre[class*="language-"]::-moz-selection, pre[class*="language-"] ::-moz-selection,\ncode[class*="language-"]::-moz-selection, code[class*="language-"] ::-moz-selection {\n\ttext-shadow: none;\n\tbackground: #b3d4fc;\n}\n\npre[class*="language-"]::selection, pre[class*="language-"] ::selection,\ncode[class*="language-"]::selection, code[class*="language-"] ::selection {\n\ttext-shadow: none;\n\tbackground: #b3d4fc;\n}\n\n@media print {\n\tcode[class*="language-"],\n\tpre[class*="language-"] {\n\t\ttext-shadow: none;\n\t}\n}\n\n/* Code blocks */\npre[class*="language-"] {\n\tpadding: 1em;\n\tmargin: .5em 0;\n\toverflow: auto;\n}\n\n:not(pre) > code[class*="language-"],\npre[class*="language-"] {\n\tbackground: #f5f2f0;\n}\n\n/* Inline code */\n:not(pre) > code[class*="language-"] {\n\tpadding: .1em;\n\tborder-radius: .3em;\n\twhite-space: normal;\n}\n\n.token.comment,\n.token.prolog,\n.token.doctype,\n.token.cdata {\n\tcolor: slategray;\n}\n\n.token.punctuation {\n\tcolor: #999;\n}\n\n.namespace {\n\topacity: .7;\n}\n\n.token.property,\n.token.tag,\n.token.boolean,\n.token.number,\n.token.constant,\n.token.symbol,\n.token.deleted {\n\tcolor: #905;\n}\n\n.token.selector,\n.token.attr-name,\n.token.string,\n.token.char,\n.token.builtin,\n.token.inserted {\n\tcolor: #690;\n}\n\n.token.operator,\n.token.entity,\n.token.url,\n.language-css .token.string,\n.style .token.string {\n\tcolor: #a67f59;\n\tbackground: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, .5);\n}\n\n.token.atrule,\n.token.attr-value,\n.token.keyword {\n\tcolor: #07a;\n}\n\n.token.function {\n\tcolor: #DD4A68;\n}\n\n.token.regex,\n.token.important,\n.token.variable {\n\tcolor: #e90;\n}\n\n.token.important,\n.token.bold {\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n}\n.token.italic {\n\tfont-style: italic;\n}\n\n.token.entity {\n\tcursor: help;\n}\n'}
</style>
<code id="code-container"></code>
`);class Ni extends ei(Ii(HTMLElement)){renderContent(){if(this.languageName=this.getAttribute('language'),!this.languageName)return void console.warn('You need to provide a language attribute to your <d-code> block to let us know how to highlight your code; e.g.:\n <d-code language="python">zeros = np.zeros(shape)</d-code>.');const e=Ui.languages[this.languageName];if(void 0==e)return void console.warn(`Distill does not yet support highlighting your code block in "${this.languageName}'.`);let t=this.textContent;const n=this.shadowRoot.querySelector('#code-container');if(this.hasAttribute('block')){t=t.replace(/\n/,'');const e=t.match(/\s*/);if(t=t.replace(new RegExp('\n'+e,'g'),'\n'),t=t.trim(),n.parentNode instanceof ShadowRoot){const e=document.createElement('pre');this.shadowRoot.removeChild(n),e.appendChild(n),this.shadowRoot.appendChild(e)}}n.className=`language-${this.languageName}`,n.innerHTML=Ui.highlight(t,e)}}const ji=ti('d-footnote',`
<style>
d-math[block] {
display: block;
}
:host {
}
sup {
line-height: 1em;
font-size: 0.75em;
position: relative;
top: -.5em;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
span {
color: hsla(206, 90%, 20%, 0.7);
cursor: default;
}
.footnote-container {
padding: 10px;
}
</style>
<d-hover-box>
<div class="footnote-container">
<slot id="slot"></slot>
</div>
</d-hover-box>
<sup>
<span id="fn-" data-hover-ref=""></span>
</sup>
`);class Ri extends ji(HTMLElement){constructor(){super();const e=new MutationObserver(this.notify);e.observe(this,{childList:!0,characterData:!0,subtree:!0})}notify(){const e={detail:this,bubbles:!0},t=new CustomEvent('onFootnoteChanged',e);document.dispatchEvent(t)}connectedCallback(){this.hoverBox=this.root.querySelector('d-hover-box'),window.customElements.whenDefined('d-hover-box').then(()=>{this.hoverBox.listen(this)}),Ri.currentFootnoteId+=1;const e=Ri.currentFootnoteId.toString();this.root.host.id='d-footnote-'+e;const t='dt-fn-hover-box-'+e;this.hoverBox.id=t;const n=this.root.querySelector('#fn-');n.setAttribute('id','fn-'+e),n.setAttribute('data-hover-ref',t),n.textContent=e}}Ri.currentFootnoteId=0;const qi=ti('d-footnote-list',`
<style>
d-footnote-list {
contain: layout style;
}
d-footnote-list > * {
grid-column: text;
}
d-footnote-list a.footnote-backlink {
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
padding-left: 0.5em;
}
</style>
<h3>Footnotes</h3>
<ol></ol>
`,!1);class Fi extends qi(HTMLElement){connectedCallback(){super.connectedCallback(),this.list=this.root.querySelector('ol'),this.root.style.display='none'}set footnotes(e){if(this.list.innerHTML='',e.length){this.root.style.display='';for(const t of e){const e=document.createElement('li');e.id=t.id+'-listing',e.innerHTML=t.innerHTML;const n=document.createElement('a');n.setAttribute('class','footnote-backlink'),n.textContent='[\u21A9]',n.href='#'+t.id,e.appendChild(n),this.list.appendChild(e)}}else this.root.style.display='none'}}const Pi=ti('d-hover-box',`
<style>
:host {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
left: 0px;
z-index: 10000;
display: none;
white-space: normal
}
.container {
position: relative;
width: 704px;
max-width: 100vw;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.panel {
position: absolute;
font-size: 1rem;
line-height: 1.5em;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
background-color: rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.95);
box-shadow: 0 0 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
border-radius: 4px;
box-sizing: border-box;
backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
}
</style>
<div class="container">
<div class="panel">
<slot></slot>
</div>
</div>
`);class Hi extends Pi(HTMLElement){constructor(){super()}connectedCallback(){}listen(e){this.bindDivEvents(this),this.bindTriggerEvents(e)}bindDivEvents(e){e.addEventListener('mouseover',()=>{this.visible||this.showAtNode(e),this.stopTimeout()}),e.addEventListener('mouseout',()=>{this.extendTimeout(500)}),e.addEventListener('touchstart',(e)=>{e.stopPropagation()},{passive:!0}),document.body.addEventListener('touchstart',()=>{this.hide()},{passive:!0})}bindTriggerEvents(e){e.addEventListener('mouseover',()=>{this.visible||this.showAtNode(e),this.stopTimeout()}),e.addEventListener('mouseout',()=>{this.extendTimeout(300)}),e.addEventListener('touchstart',(t)=>{this.visible?this.hide():this.showAtNode(e),t.stopPropagation()},{passive:!0})}show(e){this.visible=!0,this.style.display='block',this.style.top=Pn(e[1]+10)+'px'}showAtNode(e){const t=e.getBoundingClientRect();this.show([e.offsetLeft+t.width,e.offsetTop+t.height])}hide(){this.visible=!1,this.style.display='none',this.stopTimeout()}stopTimeout(){this.timeout&&clearTimeout(this.timeout)}extendTimeout(e){this.stopTimeout(),this.timeout=setTimeout(()=>{this.hide()},e)}}class zi extends HTMLElement{static get is(){return'd-title'}}const Yi=ti('d-references',`
<style>
d-references {
display: block;
}
</style>
`,!1);class Bi extends Yi(HTMLElement){}class Wi extends HTMLElement{static get is(){return'd-toc'}connectedCallback(){this.getAttribute('prerendered')||(window.onload=()=>{const e=document.querySelector('d-article'),t=e.querySelectorAll('h2, h3');k(this,t)})}}class Vi extends HTMLElement{static get is(){return'd-figure'}static get readyQueue(){return Vi._readyQueue||(Vi._readyQueue=[]),Vi._readyQueue}static addToReadyQueue(e){-1===Vi.readyQueue.indexOf(e)&&(Vi.readyQueue.push(e),Vi.runReadyQueue())}static runReadyQueue(){const e=Vi.readyQueue.sort((e,t)=>e._seenOnScreen-t._seenOnScreen).filter((e)=>!e._ready).pop();e&&(e.ready(),requestAnimationFrame(Vi.runReadyQueue))}constructor(){super(),this._ready=!1,this._onscreen=!1,this._offscreen=!0}connectedCallback(){this.loadsWhileScrolling=this.hasAttribute('loadsWhileScrolling'),Vi.marginObserver.observe(this),Vi.directObserver.observe(this)}disconnectedCallback(){Vi.marginObserver.unobserve(this),Vi.directObserver.unobserve(this)}static get marginObserver(){if(!Vi._marginObserver){const e=window.innerHeight,t=Fn(2*e),n=Vi.didObserveMarginIntersection,i=new IntersectionObserver(n,{rootMargin:t+'px 0px '+t+'px 0px',threshold:0.01});Vi._marginObserver=i}return Vi._marginObserver}static didObserveMarginIntersection(e){for(const t of e){const e=t.target;t.isIntersecting&&!e._ready&&Vi.addToReadyQueue(e)}}static get directObserver(){return Vi._directObserver||(Vi._directObserver=new IntersectionObserver(Vi.didObserveDirectIntersection,{rootMargin:'0px',threshold:[0,1]})),Vi._directObserver}static didObserveDirectIntersection(e){for(const t of e){const e=t.target;t.isIntersecting?(e._seenOnScreen=new Date,e._offscreen&&e.onscreen()):e._onscreen&&e.offscreen()}}addEventListener(e,t){super.addEventListener(e,t),'ready'===e&&-1!==Vi.readyQueue.indexOf(this)&&(this._ready=!1,Vi.runReadyQueue()),'onscreen'===e&&this.onscreen()}ready(){this._ready=!0,Vi.marginObserver.unobserve(this);const e=new CustomEvent('ready');this.dispatchEvent(e)}onscreen(){this._onscreen=!0,this._offscreen=!1;const e=new CustomEvent('onscreen');this.dispatchEvent(e)}offscreen(){this._onscreen=!1,this._offscreen=!0;const e=new CustomEvent('offscreen');this.dispatchEvent(e)}}if('undefined'!=typeof window){Vi.isScrolling=!1;let e;window.addEventListener('scroll',()=>{Vi.isScrolling=!0,clearTimeout(e),e=setTimeout(()=>{Vi.isScrolling=!1,Vi.runReadyQueue()},500)},!0)}const Ki=ti('d-interstitial',`
<style>
.overlay {
position: fixed;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
top: 0;
left: 0;
background: white;
opacity: 1;
visibility: visible;
display: flex;
flex-flow: column;
justify-content: center;
z-index: 2147483647 /* MaxInt32 */
}
.container {
position: relative;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
max-width: 420px;
padding: 2em;
}
h1 {
text-decoration: underline;
text-decoration-color: hsl(0,100%,40%);
-webkit-text-decoration-color: hsl(0,100%,40%);
margin-bottom: 1em;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
input[type="password"] {
-webkit-appearance: none;
-moz-appearance: none;
appearance: none;
-webkit-box-shadow: none;
-moz-box-shadow: none;
box-shadow: none;
-webkit-border-radius: none;
-moz-border-radius: none;
-ms-border-radius: none;
-o-border-radius: none;
border-radius: none;
outline: none;
font-size: 18px;
background: none;
width: 25%;
padding: 10px;
border: none;
border-bottom: solid 2px #999;
transition: border .3s;
}
input[type="password"]:focus {
border-bottom: solid 2px #333;
}
input[type="password"].wrong {
border-bottom: solid 2px hsl(0,100%,40%);
}
p small {
color: #888;
}
.logo {
position: relative;
font-size: 1.5em;
margin-bottom: 3em;
}
.logo svg {
width: 36px;
position: relative;
top: 6px;
margin-right: 2px;
}
.logo svg path {
fill: none;
stroke: black;
stroke-width: 2px;
}
</style>
<div class="overlay">
<div class="container">
<h1>This article is in review.</h1>
<p>Do not share this URL or the contents of this article. Thank you!</p>
<input id="interstitial-password-input" type="password" name="password" autofocus/>
<p><small>Enter the password we shared with you as part of the review process to view the article.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
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width: 13px;
height: 13px;
background-color: hsl(24, 100%, 50%);
border-radius: 50%;
transition-property: transform;
transition-duration: 0.18s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
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position: absolute;
top: -6px;
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width: 13px;
height: 13px;
background-color: hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
border-radius: 50%;
transition-property: transform;
transition-duration: 0.18s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
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transform: scale(2);
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position: absolute;
top: 16px;
height: 4px;
width: 100%;
z-index: -1;
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position: absolute;
height: 100%;
border-left: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.2);
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position: relative;
height: 60px;
background-color: hsl(200, 60%, 15%);
width: 100%;
box-sizing: border-box;
z-index: 2;
color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
box-shadow: 0 1px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
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distill-header .content {
height: 70px;
grid-column: page;
}
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font-size: 16px;
height: 60px;
line-height: 60px;
text-decoration: none;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
padding: 22px 0;
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distill-header a:hover {
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
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distill-header svg {
width: 24px;
position: relative;
top: 4px;
margin-right: 2px;
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distill-header {
height: 70px;
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distill-header a {
height: 70px;
line-height: 70px;
padding: 28px 0;
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distill-header .logo {
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distill-header svg path {
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stroke: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
stroke-width: 3px;
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distill-header .logo {
font-size: 17px;
font-weight: 200;
}
distill-header .nav {
float: right;
font-weight: 300;
}
distill-header .nav a {
font-size: 12px;
margin-left: 24px;
text-transform: uppercase;
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<div class="content">
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${Or}
Distill
</a>
<nav class="nav">
<a href="/about/">About</a>
<a href="/prize/">Prize</a>
<a href="/journal/">Submit</a>
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<style>
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contain: layout style;
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line-height: 15px;
border-left: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
padding-left: 18px;
border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
padding: 10px 18px;
border-radius: 3px;
color: rgba(150, 150, 150, 1);
overflow: hidden;
margin-top: -12px;
white-space: pre-wrap;
word-wrap: break-word;
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color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
font-weight: 300;
padding: 2rem 0;
border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
background-color: hsl(180, 5%, 15%); /*hsl(200, 60%, 15%);*/
text-align: left;
contain: content;
}
.logo svg {
width: 24px;
position: relative;
top: 4px;
margin-right: 2px;
}
.logo svg path {
fill: none;
stroke: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
stroke-width: 3px;
}
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font-size: 17px;
font-weight: 200;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
text-decoration: none;
margin-right: 6px;
}
.container {
grid-column: text;
}
.nav {
font-size: 0.9em;
margin-top: 1.5em;
}
.nav a {
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
margin-right: 6px;
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
<div class='container'>
<a href="/" class="logo">
${Or}
Distill
</a> is dedicated to clear explanations of machine learning
<div class="nav">
<a href="https://distill.pub/about/">About</a>
<a href="https://distill.pub/journal/">Submit</a>
<a href="https://distill.pub/prize/">Prize</a>
<a href="https://distill.pub/archive/">Archive</a>
<a href="https://distill.pub/rss.xml">RSS</a>
<a href="https://github.com/distillpub">GitHub</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/distillpub">Twitter</a>
ISSN 2476-0757
</div>
</div>
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